About the Research
The authors conducted hundreds of interviews with stakeholders from community organizations, government agencies, foundations, banks, and nonprofits. In this paper they provide case studies of eight pioneering institutions engaging in community investment: Children’s Health (Dallas); Cooper Foundation (Camden, N.J.); Dignity Health (39 hospitals in California, Nevada, and Arizona); Gundersen Lutheran Health System (La Crosse, Wisc.); Johns Hopkins Medicine (Baltimore); Trinity Health (93 U.S. hospitals); UnitedHealth Group (nationwide health insurance provider); and University Hospitals (Cleveland).